Skip to main content
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
LCLSLinac Coherent Light Source

User Portal Login   |  LCLS Internal Site

Main navigation

  • News
    • LCLS Science SLAC News Feed
    • LCLS Announcements
    • LCLS In The News
  • About
    • Organizational Chart
    • People & Committees
      • LCLS Leadership
      • LCLS Users' Organization
      • LCLS Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC)
      • LCLS Detector Advisory Committee (LDAC)
      • LCLS Proposal Review Panel (PRP)
      • SLAC Photon Science Faculty
      • LCLSUO E-mail List
      • LCLS UEC Archive
      • LCLS Users' Recognition Award
      • 2022 User Survey Report
    • Multimedia
      • Virtual Tours
      • Image Gallery
      • Youtube Videos
    • Fact Sheets & Infographics
    • LCLS Strategic Facility Development Plan
    • Young Investigator Awards
    • Jobs & Internships
    • LCLS Internship Program
      • Intern Testimonials
      • LCLS Summer Student Poster Session
      • Intern Poster Session Photos
    • Coming to SLAC
    • Contact Us
  • LCLS Science
  • User Resources
    • User Research Administration (URA) Office
    • User Agreements
    • Proprietary Research
    • LCLS Policies
    • User Portal
    • Proposals
      • Proposal Preparation Guidelines
      • Run 22 Regular Proposals
      • MeV-UED Proposals
      • Proposal Review Process
      • Submit Proposal (User Portal)
      • Archived Proposals
    • SLAC Access Requirements for Users
      • Computer Accounts
      • Data Collection & Analysis (PCDS)
      • Shipping Equipment & Materials
      • Financial Accounts
      • Safety & Training
      • Check-in Procedures
      • Spokesperson Checklist
      • Collaborator Checklist
    • Schedules
    • Links By Category
  • Publications
    • LCLS Publications
    • Search Publications
    • Submit New Publication
    • Archived Publications
  • Instruments
    • chemRIXS/qRIXS
      • Science Drivers
      • Experimental Methods
      • Layout
      • Capabilities
    • CXI - Coherent X-ray Imaging
      • Overview
      • Specifications
      • Schematic
      • Components
      • Standard Configurations
      • Publications
    • MEC - Matter in Extreme Conditions
      • Overview
      • Specifications
      • Schematic
      • Components
      • Laser Systems
      • Standard Configurations
      • Publications
    • MFX - Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography
      • Overview
      • Specifications
      • Standard Configurations
      • Publications
    • TMO - Time-resolved AMO
      • Science Drivers
      • Early Science
      • Layout & Specifications
      • Standard Configuration
    • TXI - Tender X-ray Instrument
      • Science Drivers
      • Experimental Methods
      • Layout
      • Specifications
    • XCS - X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy
      • Overview
      • Operation Modes
      • Specifications
      • Schematic
      • Components
      • Standard Configurations
      • Publications
    • XPP - X-ray Pump Probe
      • Overview
      • Specifications
      • Schematic
      • Components
      • Standard Configurations
      • Publications
      • User Wiki
    • SLAC MeV-UED
      • Specifications
      • Run 4 Scientific Capabilities
      • Schematics
      • Endstations
      • Proposals
      • Proposal Review Process
      • Schedule
      • Publications
    • LCLS-II-HE Instruments
    • CXI Upgrade
    • MFX Upgrade
    • DXS – Dynamic X-ray Scattering
      • Science Drivers
      • Experimental Methods
      • Layout
      • Specifications
      • Events & News
    • XPP Upgrade
    • Instrument Maps
    • Standard Configurations
  • Machine
    • Machine Status
    • Machine FAQ (NC Linac)
    • Parameters
    • Schedules
  • Projects
    • LCLS-II
      • LCLS-II: Brighter, Faster, Smaller (DOE Podcast)
      • LCLS-II Science
      • LCLS-II Design & Performance
      • LCLS-II Lasers
      • LCLS-II Partnerships
      • LCLS-II Procurement
      • LCLS-II Meetings & Reports
      • LCLS-II Commissioning
      • LCLS-II Internal Site
      • LCLS-II Instruments
    • LCLS-II-HE
      • LCLS-II-HE Science
      • LCLS-II-HE Design and Performance
      • LCLS-II-HE Meetings and Reports
      • LCLS-II-HE Instruments
      • LCLS-II-HE Internal Site
    • MEC-U
      • Science Mission
      • Workshops and Meetings
      • MEC-U Publications
      • MEC-U News
      • MEC-U Resources, Photos
      • MEC-U Internal Site
      • MEC-U Design and Performance
  • Departments
    • AMO Physics
      • Organization & People
      • Research Interests
      • Research Highlights
      • Attosecond Science Campaign
    • Biological Sciences & Sample Preparations
      • Sample Environment & Delivery (SED)
      • Sample Preparation Laboratories (SPL)
      • Biolabs at the Arrillaga Science Center (ASC)
      • Equipment Inventory
      • Chemical Inventory
    • Chemical Sciences (CHEM)
      • News and Highlights
      • Organization & People
      • Research Interests
      • Publications
    • Material Sciences (MAT)
    • Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC)
      • Organization & People
      • Research Interests
      • Publications
    • Laser Sciences (LAS)
      • Organization & People
      • LCLS Laser Capabilities​
      • Laser Research & Development
      • Laser Resources
    • Detectors
      • Information & Resources for Users
      • pnCCD
    • Lasers for Accelerators R&D
      • Organization & People
      • Publications
      • Opportunities
      • Contact Us
    • Photon Control and Data Systems (PCDS)
  • Useful Links

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Instruments
  3. XCS - X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy
  4. …
Facebook Share Twitter Tweet LinkedIn Share Email Send
  • chemRIXS/qRIXS
    • Science Drivers
    • Experimental Methods
    • Layout
    • Capabilities
  • CXI - Coherent X-ray Imaging
    • Overview
    • Specifications
    • Schematic
    • Components
    • Standard Configurations
    • Publications
  • MEC - Matter in Extreme Conditions
    • Overview
    • Specifications
    • Schematic
    • Components
    • Laser Systems
    • Standard Configurations
    • Publications
  • MFX - Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography
    • Overview
    • Specifications
    • Standard Configurations
    • Publications
  • TMO - Time-resolved AMO
    • Science Drivers
    • Early Science
    • Layout & Specifications
    • Standard Configuration
  • TXI - Tender X-ray Instrument
    • Science Drivers
    • Experimental Methods
    • Layout
    • Specifications
  • XCS - X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy
    • Overview
    • Operation Modes
    • Specifications
    • Schematic
    • Components
    • Standard Configurations
    • Publications
  • XPP - X-ray Pump Probe
    • Overview
    • Specifications
    • Schematic
    • Components
    • Standard Configurations
    • Publications
    • User Wiki
  • SLAC MeV-UED
    • Specifications
    • Run 4 Scientific Capabilities
    • Schematics
    • Endstations
    • Proposals
    • Proposal Review Process
    • Schedule
    • Publications
  • LCLS-II-HE Instruments
  • CXI Upgrade
  • MFX Upgrade
  • DXS – Dynamic X-ray Scattering
    • Science Drivers
    • Experimental Methods
    • Layout
    • Specifications
    • Events & News
  • XPP Upgrade
  • Instrument Maps
  • Standard Configurations

XCS Components

A comprehensive overview of the XCS instrument is published in
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 22, (2015).

 

The XCS instrument is a dedicated LCLS instrument for the use of Coherent X-ray Scattering techniques in general and X-ray photon Correlation Spectroscopy in particular. It can operate in the hard X-ray range (5.5-25 keV) on any of the harmonics of LCLS.

 

Monochromaticity

Graph of the XCS instrument's longitudinal coherence length
Figure 1.

The XCS instrument operates mainly in monochromatic beam but it can also operate in pink beam if scientifically required. By default the XCS instrument will be providing Si(111) monochromaticity. In order to provide enhanced longitudinal coherence lengths, XCS will also provide monochromatic beam with Si(220) and Si(511) in the near future.

 

  Longitudinal Coherence Length [μm]
CrystalΔλ/λ8 keV16 keV25 keV
Si(111)1.36 x 10-41.140.560.36
Si(220)6.12 x 10-52.531.270.81
Si(511)1.1 x 10-514.17.054.5

 

Grazing Incidence and Local Harmonic Rejection

XCS is also providing local harmonic rejection by means of two silicon mirrors located 1.5 and 2.1 m upstream the sample location. These also offer the possibility to provide the beam with a grazing angle to the sample. Both mirrors can rotate 360°, and can thus deflect the beam downwards of upwards depending on the required scattering geometry.

Focusing

The beam can be focused by inserting Beryllium compound refractive lenses in the beam path. The focal length can be adjusted for a given X-ray energy by selecting an appropriate number of individual lenses (up to 10) and stacking them. One can switch from one stack to another (up to three) remotely. Such a unit is located 6.8 meters upstream from the sample. XCS intend to provide later a second unit at 3 meters from the sample, capable to provide micron size focus size. Each unit has the capability to be translated longitudinally ±0.3 m. This allow some tunability in the beam size at the sample when not working at the focus.

Diffractometer

Huber diffractometer
Figure 2. Diffractometer (Download high res pdf drawing)

The XCS instrument is providing a horizontal scattering 4-circle Huber diffractometer. It has a local 2θ detector arm to easy crystal alignments. It can be removed from the beam path for accommodating large sample environment that are not compatible with the diffractometer. The top surface of the diffractometer is 300 x 300 mm2. The distance between the top surface of the diffractometer and its center or rotation is 270 mm.

 

Sample Environments

The XCS instrument will try to provide a complete suite of sample of environments to the user community. This will however happen along the operation of XCS. At the beginning of the operation of XCS, no sample environment may be provided and the users are expected to provide their own favorite sample environment. Any integration issue should be discussed with the XCS instrument team.

Large Angle Detector Mover

 

Large Angle Detector Mover
Figure 3. Large Angle Detector Mover

 

The XCS instrument has a Large Angle Detector Mover as a long sample-detector 2θ arm. It was build by FMB/OXFORD. The LADM provides two sample detector distances : 4 and 8 m. It can rotate up to 55° scattering angle in the horizontal plane and up to 1° in the vertical plane for Grazing Incidence scattering geometries. It provides an evacuated fly path between the diffractometer and the detector. The Kapton exit window can be as large as 250 mm Ø. It also provides three different in vacuum beamstops upstream the exit window. The LADM provides Small Angle X-ray Scattering capabilities for 2θ=0°. At the end of the LADM, two vertical and horizontal translations allow to move a 2-dimensional detector to be located at a position of interest.

Detector

XCS intend to provide a dedicated detector fulfilling all requirement to perform CXS and XPCS experiments at LCLS. It is for now unclear whether or not that detector will be available for the first run of operation of XCS. That detector intend to provide 100% DQE, 102 dynamic range, very low noise ( << 1 photon) 55 x 55 μm2, 1k x 1k pixels, 120 fps.

At a minimum XCS will provide a standard direct illumination CCD (Princeton Instruments, LCX) providing 50% DQE at 8 keV (30% at 10 keV) , 50 photon dynamic range, very low noise ( << 1 photon) 20 x 20 μm2, 1.3k x 1.3k pixels, 0.3 fps.

Beam Diagnostics

Pop-in Profile Monitors

The spatial profile of the LCLS beam can be measured at various locations along the XCS beamline using a scintillating screen and a high resolution camera-lens combination. The screen is mounted on a translation stage to insert it into the beam.

Pop-in Intensity Monitor

The integrated intensity of the LCLS beam is measured at various locations along the XCS beamline using a photodiode that can be inserted in the beam path.

Intensity-Position Monitor

The Compton backscattering of a thin silicon nitride foil (i.e. allowing most of the beam to be transmitted) is used to measure the incident intensity on a shot-to-shot basis. The back-scattering is measured using a quadrant diode located right upstream of the foil. The integrated intensity of all the diodes provides a measurement of the beam intensity for each. The relative signal from each tile can be used to get the beam position.

XCS CONTACT INFO

Matthieu Chollet

Instrument Lead Scientist
(650) 926-2458
mchollet@slac.stanford.edu

Roberto Alonso-Mori

Scientist
(650) 926-4179
robertoa@slac.stanford.edu

Tim van Driel

Scientist
(650) 926 3241
timbvd@slac.stanford.edu

Takahiro Sato

Scientist
(650) 926-3749
takahiro@slac.stanford.edu

Sanghoon Song

Scientist
(650) 926-2255
sanghoon@slac.stanford.edu

Diling Zhu

Scientist
(650) 926-2913
dlzhu@slac.stanford.edu

Patrick Kramer

Laser Scientist
(650) 926-5148
pkramer@slac.stanford.edu

Cynthia Melendrez

XCS Area Manager
(650) 926 2377
cymel123@slac.stanford.edu

--

Control Room: (650) 926-1704
XCS Hutch: (650) 926-7980

XCS LOCATION

XCS location in Far Experimental Hall (FEH), Hutch 4
Far Experimental Hall (FEH), Hutch 4
Complete LCLS Instrument Map
Complete Instrument Map

Become A user

SVG

Review LCLS Schedules

Review Info on Proposals

Review LCLS Policies

Review Machine FAQ, Parameters, Status

Register as User and Submit Proposal

Subscribe to LCLSUO E-mail List

Confirm User Agreements

Industry - Research Partnerships

LCLS | Linac Coherent Light Source
2575 Sand Hill Road MS103
Menlo Park, CA 94025
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Instagram
  • Flickr
  • Youtube
  • LinkedIn
  • Staff portal
  • Privacy policy
  • Accessibility
  • Vulnerability disclosure
SLAC
  • SLAC home
  • Maps & directions
  • Emergency info
  • Careers

© 2023 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is operated by Stanford University for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science.

Stanford University U.S. Department of Energy
Top Top
Back to top Back to top