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CXI Specifications

CXI Scientific Capabilities

Scientific Applications

  • Coherent X-ray imaging on single sub-micron particles

  • Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

  • High Fluence X-ray interactions with matter

  • Time-resolved imaging and scattering with hard X-rays

  • Matter in Extreme Conditions

  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science

  • Gas Phase Chemistry

Techniques and Scattering Geometry

  • Forward scattering on fixed-mounted samples, free-standing injected particles and in liquid jets

  • Back-scattering

  • Ion Time-of-flight

  • Small Angle X-ray Scattering

  • Wide Angle X-ray Scattering

  • X-ray Emission Spectroscopy

Source Parameters

Photon Energy

5-25 keV

Source Size

60 x 60 µm2 (H x V) FWHM @ 8.3 keV

78 x 78 µm2 (H x V) FWHM @ 2 keV

Source Divergence

2 x 2 µrad2 (H x V) FWHM @ 8.3 keV

~7 x 7 µrad2 (H x V) FWHM @ 2 keV

Repetition Rate

120 , 60, 30, 10 Hz, Single shot mode

Pulse Duration

10-300 fs (high charge mode)

<10 fs (low charge mode)

Pulse Energy

1-3 mJ  (high charge mode)

~ 0.2 mJ  (low charge mode)

Photons per Pulse

~1 x 1012 (high charge mode @ 8.3 keV)

~1 x 1011 (low charge mode @ 8.3 keV)

* Energies below 5 keV are in principle usable but the beam size at the end station is large leading to poor focusing performance and reduced flux. Also, the detector efficiency drops rapidly below 5 keV.

 

Photon Beam Properties

Focusing Capability

KB1 mirrors (1.3 µm focus)

KB01 mirrors (~100 nm focus)

Beryllium Lenses in Hutch 5 (~1 µm focus)

Beam Size at Sample (8 keV)

(Calculated for perfect optics)

1.3 x 1.3 µm2 FWHM with 1 micron KB pair (KB1)

90 x 150 nm2 FWHM (V x H) with 100 nm KB pair (KB01)

~1 x 1 µm2 FWHM with Hutch 5 Be Lenses

750 x 750 µm2 FWHM unfocused beam

Beam Divergence

(Calculated for perfect optics)

0.12 x 0.12 mrad2 FWHM with 1 micron KB pair (KB1)

2 x 1 mrad2 FWHM (V x H) with 100 nm KB pair (KB01)

170x 170 µrad2 FWHM with XRT Be Lenses

~0.3 x 0.3 mrad2 FWHM with Hutch 5 Be Lenses

2 x 2 µrad2 FWHM unfocused beam

Energy Range

5-11 keV (kB Mirror Optics)

11-25  keV (Be Lens Optics)

Energy Resolution ΔE/E

~0.2% (bandwidth of the LCLS beam)
No monochromator currently


Sample Environment and Detector

Sample Environment

  • High vacuum: 10-7 Torr

  • Fixed sample on grids at room temperature

  • Possible to operate at atmospheric pressure with limitations on use of some CXI equipment.

Particle Injector

  • Free-standing nanoparticles delivered to the beam using an aerodynamic lens particle injector

  • User-provided injectors can be incorporated into the system

  • Liquid jet to delivered samples in hydrated conditions

Detectors

  • Jungfrau 4M

    • 2-Dimensional pixel array detector, 75 x 75 µm2 pixel size

    • Single photon sensitivity, 104 dynamic range at 12 keV

    • Primary detector for forward scattering

  • Cornell-SLAC Pixel Array Detector (CSPAD)

    • 1516 x 1516 pixels

    • 2-Dimensional pixel array detector, 110 x 110 µm2 pixel size

    • Single photon sensitivity, 103 dynamic range at 8.3 keV

    • 1516 x 1516 pixels

    • 120 Hz operation

    • Dedicated to parasitic Serial Sample Chamber – used in tandem with Jungfrau for SAXS/WAXS

  • ePix10k – small area detector for flexible placement

    • 100 x 100 µm2 pixel size

    • Single photon sensitivity, 104 dynamic range at 8 keV

    • Dedicated to parasitic Serial Sample Chamber – used in tandem with Jungfrau for SAXS/WAXS

 

  • CSPAD 140K (380 x 380 pixels) small version of CSPAD available for miscellaneous use

 

Short Pulse UV Laser

In order to improve the overall time resolution of ultrafast X-ray scattering measurements performed at the CXI instrument, the UV capabilities of the CXI laser are being upgraded to produce shorter pulses. This is being done in 2 stages: first the 3rd and 4th harmonics (267 nm and 200 nm, respectively) of the Ti:sapphire laser are being improved by increasing the spectral bandwidth and minimizing the dispersion of the travelling pulses. In a second phase of upgrade, an OPA and a variety of sum frequency generation schemes will be used to generate tunable pulses in the 185-265 nm range.

Phase 1: Improving the time resolution of the 3rd and 4th harmonics

 Current Pulse Width
(FWHM)
Expected Performance
(FWHM)
267 nm (3ω)~80 fs~35 fs
200 nm (4ω)~120 fs~50 fs

Phase 2: Generating tunable deep UV pulses

 Current CapabilityTarget Capability
245-260 nmAvailable Run 22~35 fs
220-245 nmPossible for Run 22*~40 fs
280-330 nmPossible for Run 22*~35 fs

 

*Ongoing R&D, please contact mliang@slac.stanford.edu for feasibility. All expected performance values are based off a best effort basis.

CXI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

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Download Specifications

CXI CONTACT INFO

Meng Liang

CXI Instrument Lead Scientist
(650) 926-2827
mliang@slac.stanford.edu

Andy Aquila

Scientist
(650) 926-2682
aquila@slac.stanford.edu

Sandra Mous

Scientist
(650) 926-
smous@slac.stanford.edu

Xinxin Cheng

Scientist

(650) 926-3156
xcheng@slac.stanford.edu

Joe Robinson

Laser Scientist
(650) 926-5190
jsrob@slac.stanford.edu

Greg Gate

Laser Scientist
(650) 926-2017
gate@slac.stanford.edu

Matt Hayes

CXI/MFX Area Manager
(650) 926-3060
hayes@slac.stanford.edu

Mark Hunter

Scientist
(650) 926-6294
mhunter2@slac.stanford.edu

Ray Sierra

Scientist
(650) 926-3148
rsierra@slac.stanford.edu

CXI Control Room

(650) 926-6295
(650) 926-6296
(650) 926-6297
(650) 926-6298
 

CXI Hutch

(650) 926-6291

CXI LOCATION 

CXI location in Far Experimental Hall (FEH), Hutch 5
Far Experimental Hall (FEH), Hutch 5
Complete LCLS Instrument Map
Complete Instrument Map

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